E-catalog        

Библиогр.: с. 1383-1384

In the period of XVII-XVIII centuries in Western Siberia system of settlement structures around the cities and stockade towns had been formed. Villages were founded by service men from military garrisons, who were obliged to farm as well. The consequence of those processes was formation of the population’s historical ecology, which included life support system. The system’s main elements were settlements and dwellings, food and costume sets. Their existence as final products, which provided the existence and development of human groups, was connected with functioning of various household crafts. Those handicrafts produced means of production and materials necessary for house construction, cooking and clothes making. Market economy based on specialized handicraft trade working for sale was only founding in that period. Despite a mention in written sources about artisans’ presence in the cities, their production organization did not go beyond the domestic craft. The author obtained archaeological materials during the excavations of Russian settlements of XVII-XVIII centuries in the Omsk Irtysh Region. The materials with results of interdisciplinary research allowed author to approach the reconstruction of handicraft occupations of the rural population and analyze their role in the formation of the basic elements of the life support system. On the base of archaeological collections of the rural settlements Anan’ino and Izyuk was considered forging, pottery, shoemaking, bone carving, cooperage, and weaving, spinning production. The methods of knitting with bone needles were also reconstructed. Author revealed role of domestic made items among the goods brought “from Russia” and made for sale by proficients.