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The aim of the article is to analyze character of the relations and extent of interaction between gendarme staff officers and local executive power in the West Siberian region, and also to estimate efficiency of gendarme supervision of a private gold mining in the middle of the 19th century, in the first years after establishment of this supervision. The gendarme reports and work correspondence of local executive power which are stored in the Siberian regional archives were sources of a research. During the research the author came to the following conclusions. In the revealed reports the gendarme staff officers’ attention was focused primarily on various kinds of incidents and violations on the gold mines in Siberia. It should be borne in mind that gendarmes did not depend on local administration, but directly subordinated to the heads of gendarmerie districts and governors-general, that could indicate the objectivity of the information contained in the reports. The next conclusion is that the arguments of the gendarme staff officers on the state of gold mining and their proposals on improving the workers’ conditions indicate that they were rather qualified in all these matters. From work correspondence on remarks gendarme staff officers it is visible that governor generals of Western Siberia with great attention treated gendarme reports, quickly reacted to the cases of an arbitrariness, violations recorded by gendarmes, constantly addressing the provincial power with the requirement to react immediately to these signals that local executive power and tried to do. Thereby can the main conclusion about sufficiently high level of efficiency of the gendarme surveillance of private gold mining in Western Siberia in the middle of the 19th century. The supervision allowed to reveal quite quickly any problems in the gold-mining sphere, and local executive power quickly to react to them.