E-catalog        

Библиогр.: 5 назв.

Rising global energy demand highlights the connection between energy and life quality decade after decade. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the 9 billion population will require 80% more energy in 2050. Researchers are investigating the properties of substances at the nanometre scale to identify substances capable of improving the efficiency of accessible energy resources. Thermal conductivity of nanoparticles with length scales of 1 to 100 nanometers made of metallic or nonmetallic solids seems to be significantly higher than conventional fluids. An addition of a marginal volume fraction of nanoparticles to a lower conductivity base circulating fluid can enhance the thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer rate, and optical properties of traditional working fluids.