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Библиогр.: 29 назв.

Objective: To evaluate in vivo application of a new surgical mesh knitted of the TiNi-based filament as a graft substitute for the repair of cranial defects in a rabbit model. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 69 male rabbits. Full-thickness excisional wounds of 15.0 by 15.0 mm were bilaterally created in the parietotemporal area by symmetrical dissection, leaving the dura mater intact. The lesion was treated by the knitted TiNi mesh graft (KTNM) that has been preoperatively laminated by twice-folding. Four groups were assigned: animals were grafted with the KTNM made of 40 μm (Group I), 60 μm (Group II), and 90 μm (Group III) thick TiNi-based filament, whereas in the sham-surgery control Group IV defects were left unrepaired. For histomorphological examination of the in vivo osteogenic capability, samples were taken at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days postoperatively. Three series of studies in each experimental group and 3 cases in the control group (total number of cases—135) have been histomorphologically evaluated. Results: The diameter of a filament used in the KTNM fabrication has no significant impact on the osteogenic ability, but nonetheless, Group I tended to has rapid regeneration in histological assessment. In all experimental groups, an organotypic stratified-spongy osseous tissue was noted to form in the periphery layers, whereas the compact, semi-mature connective tissue was detected within the core horizons by the end of the study. A newly formed bone-KTNM interface was noted to modulate and facilitate the regenerative process therein observed, which enables us to expect that anatomical and functional features of the brain, cranium and dura mater can be completely restored by osseous wound-healing. Conclusion: These findings thus shed light on the promising tissue-engineering approach and unsophisticated surgical technique utilising KTNMs, which can repair even large skull lesions.