E-catalog        

Библиогр.: 28 назв.

Привычные представления о фундаментальной и прикладной науке в настоящее время претерпели значительные изменения. На повестке дня актуальны фронтиры (новое фундаментальное) и вызовы (новое прикладное). В чем заключается суть трансфор-мационных процессов? Показано, что «фундаментальное и прикладное» в их современном состоянии являются специфическими моделями-понятиями. В роли объектов моделирования при этом выступают социотехнические имаджинарии – ситуативности видения социотехнических реальностей различными группами акторов. The aim of the article is to study the evolution of ideas (archetypes) about fundamental and ap-plied science. On the example of a number of historical cases (Britain, Germany, the USA), epistemic and socio-epistemic peculiarities of ideas about pure science are discussed in the light of the develop-ment of the concept of fundamental/basic research, taking into account institutional factors (academic and industrial research), as well as political connotations of the concepts of pure and fundamental science. The concepts that play the modern discursive and political role of fundamental and applied research (frontiers and challenges) are considered. Mainly, at the internal level of the study of science, frontier and challenge are not fundamentally new concepts for science. There are many topics in the history of science, for the epistemic characterization of which the concept of challenge can be used (the search for proofs of mathematical theorems, the struggle of medicine with complex diseases). Nevertheless, in a wide socio-epistemic aspect, the vocation of a scientist to engage in science in the modern world inevitably contains a readiness for challenges, which can impose certain features on their field of activity. An important link is the linear model of innovation as the simplest scheme for understanding the interaction of the fundamental and the applied. It should be emphasized that, in this regard, the very concept of a model is important. The problem of developing and building models (reality) should be referred to as topical issues of modern philosophy (T. Williamson). In connection with the problem of the evolution and transformation of the archetypes of the fundamental and the applied, an attempt was made to consider these concepts as having the attribute of specific models. The specificity lies in the fact that the situational visions of socio-technical realities (socio-technical imagi-naries, S. Jasanoff) act as objects of modeling. At the same time, the fundamental and the applied become characteristic model-concepts.