E-catalog        

1. Introduction -- 2. Reclamation Policy and Scientific Context -- 3. Methods -- 4. The Vegetation -- 5. Chemical and Physical Properties of the Wetlands -- 6. Plant Species Richness and Diversity -- 7. Are Industrial Wetlands Changing Over Time -- 8. Differentiating Industrial from Natural Wetlands via Structural and Geographic Attributes -- 9. The Role of Regulations and Policy in Wetland Loss and Attempts at Reclamation -- 10. Impaired Wetlands: Further Considerations -- 11. The Future: Is Regional Environmental Degradation Inevitable? -- 12. Summary and Conclusions.

This work is a scientific monograph that examines the flora and vegetation of natural mineral wetlands in comparison to mineral wetlands affected by bitumen exploitation. The work is of broad relevance because (a) wetland loss and degradation is a global problem; (b) the continued global increase in fossil fuel exploitation is resulting in widespread damage; and (c) bitumen (tar sands, oil sands) exploitation is a rapidly growing and destructive set of activities. The core of the work is a meta-analysis of 417 vegetation plots. Analyses of change over time and chemical and physical attributes of water and soil are presented for the subset of plots with sufficient data. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate that: (1) There are marked differences between natural and industrially-affected wetlands. (2) Industrially-affected mineral wetlands differ from natural wetlands in their vegetation assemblages, their depressed vegetation and species diversity, and their abundance of exotic weeds. (3) Successful post-bitumen mining wetland reclamation has not been accomplished and may not be attainable within the foreseeable future given the ecological and physical conditions of the industrial wetlands, current reclamation practices, and lax regulatory standards. In regard to government policy and industrial practices, it finds that they are responsible for reclamation failure on a grand scale.